SISWATI
LUPHIKO LWEMSEBENTI WETILWIMI TAVELONKHE
Luphiko lweMsebenti weTilwimi taVelonkhe lutfutfukisa futsi luhlelembise kuchumana ngato tonkhe tilwimi. Ngekugcina tidzingo telulwimi teMtsetfosisekelo iNLS yengamele kwehlukahlukana kwetilwimi tesive setfu futsi inemsebenti wekuhlelela tonkhe tilwimi tebantfu betfu ngekubeka esigabeni tindlela tenchubomgomo letimiselwe kutfutfukisa kusetjentiswa kwaletilwimi, futsi naleto tilwimi lebetingafunwa emlandvweni.
Umsebenti lomkhulu weNLS kuhlangabetana netidzingo telulwimi teMtsetfosisekelo ngekuhlelembisa, kutfutfukisa nekuniketa umsebenti wekuhumusha nekuhlela kuto tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni futsi nangekwengamela kwehlukahlukana kwetilwimi ngekutsi kwentiwe imiklamo yekuhlelwa kwetilwimi nekuhlelwa kwemagama.
Imisebenti yeNLS njengeluhlelo lwaHulumende lwekusita ngebucwepheshe betilwimi ngekuhumusha imiculu lesemtsetfweni kuto tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni. Umsebenti wayo wekuhlelwa kwemagama kusita kutfutfukisa nekwenta simanje kwemagama lalukhuni etilwimi letisemtsetfweni. Imisebenti yekuhlelwa kwetilwimi ifaka ekhatsi kweluleka Hulumende ngekutfutfukiswa kwenchubomgomo yetilwimi nangemasu ekusetjentiswa kwayo.
Kuhlelwa kweTilwimi
Inhloso lenkhulu yeLuphiko loluncane lwekuHlelwa kweTilwimi lolungaphasi kweLuphiko lweMsebenti weTilwimi taVelonkhe (NLS) kutfutfukisa kwekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi letinyenti nekugcina inhlonipho yato tonkhe tilwimi taseNingizimu Afrika. Njengobe kuhlelwa kwetilwimi eNingizimu Afrika kwenteka ngaphakatsi kwesibonelo lesiphelele sekwakhiwa kabusha kwetenhlalakahle, kutfutfukiswa kwetilwimi lebeticekelwa phasi emlandvweni kubekwa embili kakhulu.
Imisebenti lemikhulu yaloluphiko loluncane ngulena:
Kutfutfukiswa kwenchubomgomo yetilwimi ngekwenta emasu, tindlela tekusebenta, imisebenti kanye netintfo tekusebenta kutsi isebenta ngempumelelo.
Kusetjentiswa kwenchubomgomo yetilwimi ngekuniketa (i) kuvunyelwa ngumtsetfo kanye nemvume (ii) imbangela yekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi taseNingizimu Afrika.
Kulinganiswa kwekusetjentiswa kwenchubomgomo kuncuma kusebenta kahle kwalenchubomgomo.
Luphiko loluncane lekuHlelwa kweTilwimi lamiswa nga-Agasti 1993 kutsi liteweluleka hulumende ngekutfutfukiswa nangekusetjentiswa kwenchubo lephatselene netetilwimi macondzana nesigaba 6 seMtsetfosisekelo. Kuba selubala nekuhlanganyela ngekutimisela kwelabantsintsekako kuletinchubo kugcizelelwe. Umsebenti lomkhulu weluphiko loluncane bekukuphatsa lenchubo lendze yekumiswa kweliBhodi leTilwimi tonkhe taseNingizimu Afrika. Lenchubo icale nga-1995 ngenkomfa yekubonisana yenchophamlandvo, Tilwimi teNkomfa Yonkhana, yalandzelwa luchungechunge lwekulalelwa kwawonkhewonkhe kwase kugcina ngekubhalwa kweMtsetfosivivinyo Losenekuguculwa weliBhodi leTilwimi tonkhe taseNingizimu Afrika nga-1995. LiBhodi leTilwimi tonkhe taseNingizimu Afrika lamiswa nga-1996. Leminye yemiklamo yeLuphiko loluncane ngulena:
Inchubomgomo nekuHlelwa kweTilwimi yeNingizimu Afrika
Kutfutfukiswa kweNchubomgomo nekuHlelwa kweTilwimi yeNingizimu kwacala nga-1995 ngekukhetfwa kweliCembu leMsebenti wekuHlelwa kweTilwimi (LANGTAG) lwekululeka iNdvuna yebuCiko, emaSiko, iSayensi neTheknoloji ngenchubomgomo yetilwimi. Emva kwekubonisana lokudze kulolonkhe live, umbiko weLANGTAG kwaphikisana ngawo kunkomfa lenkhulu yavelonkhe ngamhlaka-29 Juni 1996 ngaphambi kwekukhishwa kwemculu wekugcina nga-Agasti 1996.
Inchubomgomo nekuHlelwa kweTilwimi yeNingizimu Afrika lesisekelo setiphakamiso teLangtag yalungiselelwa emva kwalokunye kubonisana nekuphenya. NgaDisemba 1999 iNdvuna yakhetsa libandla lekweluleka kulungiselela umculu wekugcina lowetfulwa kulabatsintsekako kuLangauge Indaba ngaMashi 2000. Ngekulandzela tiphakamiso tebahlanganyeli kuLanguage Indaba, Libandla lekweLuleka labuyeketa iNchubomgomo nekuHlelwa kweTilwimi yeNingizimu.
Inchubomgomo nekuHlelwa kweTilwimi yeNingizimu Afrika yetfulwa phambi kweKomiti yeKhabhinethi wemKhakha weteNhlalakahle ngamhlaka-13 Septemba 2000. IKomiti yancoma kutsi kuletfwe lomunye umculu wenkhulumiswano ngalendzaba, ngekubuka tintfo letifunwa kucala telive netimali letinyenti letingadzingeka.
Ngekulandzela letincomo luhlatiyo lolugcwele lwentiwa emva kwaloko kumatiko ahulumende avelonkhe nasetifundzeni kubuka simo lesikhona sesakhiwoncane setilwimi. Umcombelelo wetindleko tenchubomgomo lophakanyisiwe uyentiwa ngekubambisana neliHhovisi letiMali laVelonkhe.
Lomklamo ngulomunye wemacebo ekusetjentiswa kwenchubomgomo lephakanyisiwe. Tivimbelo telulwimi tisabancabela bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukati bakhulumi betilwimi tase-Afrika, ngekufinyelela lokulinganako kutinsita tahulumende. Umsebenti wekuhumusha ngelucingo eNingizimu Afrika ungenta kube malula kutsi umuntfu ngamunye akhone kuchumana netikhulu ngelulwimi lwakhe, njengasetibhedlela, etiteshini temaphoyisa nasemahhovisi ahulumende. Umsebenti wekulinga ulindzeleke nga-2000/2001 etindzaweni letikhetsiwe emahora langu-12 ngelusuku, kusukela nga-07:00 kuya ku-19:00 tinsuku letisitfupha ngeliviki.
Lomklamo uhlanganyelwa nePANSALB kuhlelembisa kutfutfukiswa nekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi taseNingizimu Afrika. Kuhlela lokunelisu kwendzima yeTheknoloji yeTilwimi teBantfu (HLT) kudzingekile kubukisisa imitamo yelucwaningo lwavelonkhe nekuhlonyiswa kwato tonkhe tilwimi taseNingizimu Afrika. Ikomiti yekucondzisa yamiselwa kubhala umculu welisu lotawuniketa emasu ekwenta umsebenti wekumiswa kwemboni yeHLT lechakatelako yekundlondlobalisa tilwimi taseNingizimu Afrika.
Nga-1998 umkhankhaso wekwatisa ngekusetjentiswa kwetilwimi letinyenti wasungulelwa ?
kuvisa bantfu ngekubaluleka kwelulwimi emphakatsini wetfu;
kucinisekisa kutsi bonkhe bahlali bayawavisisa emalungelo wabo emtsetfosisekelo mayelana ngelulwimi; futsi kutfutfukisa kusetjentiswa kwetilwimi letinyenti kutsi bantfu baseNingizimu Afrika babuke kusetjentiswa kwetilwimi letinyenti njengemtfombolusito lobalulekile.
Sigaba seKucala semkhankhaso besibukisise kuMsebentihulumende bese kutsi Sigaba seSibili kumphakatsi wonkhani. Imikhicito yalomkhankhaso kwaba ngemakhalenda, emapheshana, Tilwimi tesiGodzi (nemabintana ekubingelela ngetilwimi letilishumi nakunye) nevidiyo, Lulwimi loluMunyiwe, lwasetjentiswa kutifundvosikolo.
Kwanyalo i-UNESCO ilungiselele umBiko weTilwimi teMhlaba lohlose kuchaza kwehlukahlukana kwetilwimi temhlaba, kufundza kuvela kwaletinye tilwimi nesimo sanyalo setilwimi, futsi kuchaza tinkinga letitsintsa tilwimi etigodzini letehlukene temhlaba. Ngalombiko i-UNESCO ifisa kubuyisa sidzingo sekuphatfwa kahle kwemafa etilwimi temhlaba.
Luphiko lweMsebenti weTilwimi taVelonkhe latsintfwa yi-UNESCO kutsi lihlanganyele kumklamo wekutfola umniningwano wembiko ngato tonkhe tilwimi letisemtsetfweni kanye netilwimi taseNingizimu Afrika iKhoe, San neNama. Njengobe lwati lolujulile lwaletilwimi beludzingekile kulomklamo, emaphephamibuto atfunyelwa ngaphandle kubocwepheshe betilwimi labacotfo kuniketa umniningwano.
Kwatfolwa umniningwano lonotsile kumikhakha leyehlukene kakhulu ngetilwimi taseNingizimu Afrika, njengemniningwano wetendzawo, tinhlobonhlobo tetilwimi, sibalo sebakhulumi ngelulwimi ngalunye, umniningwano wekuphuma kwebantfu baye kuletinye tindzawo, umsebenti wetemnotfo kummango ngamunye lekukhulunywe ngawo, luvo lwetilwimi, imitimba lenemsebenti wenchubomgomo nekuhlelwa kwetilwimi mayelana ngelulwimi ngalunye kanye netindzabuko tesintfu.
Umbiko weTilwimi teMhlaba we-UNESCO utawushicelelwa nga-2001 futsi utawuniketa luchungechunge lwetincomo tekulondvolota nekutfutfukisa emafa etilwimi tebantfu.
Emadathabhesi laphatselene netetilwimi
Tinchubomgomo tetilwimi: ematiko ahulumende avelonkhe
Emahhovisi etilwimi kumatiko ahulumende avelonkhe (Juni 2001)
Tikhungo temfundvo lesetulu letiniketa timfundvo tekuhumusha nekutoliga (Juni 2001)
Kushicelela
Uma ufuna lwati lolungetiwe, tsintsana na:
Inhloko: Kuhlelwa kweTilwimi,
Luphiko lweMsebenti weTilwimi taVelonkhe, Sakaposi X195, Pitoli
Lucingo: 337-8366 Ifeksi: 324-2119
